Inyishu zo gusakara mu vy’uburimyi: Inyobora yuzuye yo guhitamwo ibikoresho vyo gusakara mu nyubakwa z’amatongo zo muri iki gihe (Igice ca 1)

Intangamarara: Igituma Gusakara mu Buhinzi Bihambaye kuruta uko vyari bimeze

Ubuhinzi bwo muri iki gihe ntibukiri mu bigega vyoroshe no mu bibanza vyo kubikamwo ibintu. Amatongo y’ubu arimwo amazu y’inkoko, amatongo y’ingurube, ibiraro vy’amata, ububiko bw’ibifungurwa, ububiko bw’intete, amasengesho y’ibikoresho, n’inyubakwa nini z’uburimyi zifise uburebure burengeye -. Ivyo bibanza bigereranya ishoramari rikomeye ry’igihe kirekire-, kandi uburyo bwo gusakara burafise uruhara runini mu kurinda iryo shoramari.

Benshi mu bafise amatongo bitwararika canecane igiciro c’ubwubatsi c’intango, ariko abahinga mu vy’uburimyi baratahura ko igisenge gigira ico gikoze ku:

• Ubuzima bwo kwubaka
• Amafaranga yo kwitaho
• Ubushuhe bwo mu nzu
• Ubushobozi bwo gusohora umwuka
• Gucungera ubukonje
• Ubuzima bwiza bw'ibikoko
• Gukoresha inguvu
• Ukwizigirwa kw'ibikorwa

Ivyo vyatumye barondera inyishu zo gusakara mu vy’uburimyi, kwubaka amatongo .ibikoresho vyo gusakara,kandi uburyo bwo gusakara amatongo buramba burabandanya gukura muri Amerika Latini, mu Buseruko bwo Hagati, muri Aziya y’amajepfo y’ubuseruko no mu bindi bice vy’uburimyi.

Iyi nkuru irasigura ingene umuntu yohitamwo ibikoresho vyiza vyo gusakara inyubakwa z’amatongo zo muri iki gihe be n’igituma imigambi myinshi y’uburimyi iriko iraja mu gukoresha ubuhinga bwo gusakara bushobora guhangana n’ubumara-, budakeneye kwitaho cane.

Igituma Gusakara mu Buhinzi Bitandukanye n'Ivy'Uburaro

Abantu benshi biyumvira yuko inyubakwa zo mu mirima zishobora gukoresha ibikoresho vyo gusakara nk’ivyo amazu akoresha. Mu vy’ukuri, ugusakara kw’uburimyi guhura n’ibintu bikomeye cane vyo gukoresha.

Ibisate vy’amatongo akenshi bishikirwa n’ibi:

1. Ubukonje bwinshi
2. Imyuka y'amoniya iva mu matungo
3. Imiti yo gusukura
4. Imvura nyinshi
5. Imishwarara ikomeye ya UV
6. Ubushuhe buhinduka
7. Gushikirwa n'umuyaga n'igihuhusi
8. Uburebure bunini-imitwaro y'imibumbe

Nk’akarorero, inzu y’inkoko ishobora gukora ubudasiba imyaka 15–25 ifise ubukonje bwinshi n’amazi menshi y’amazi buri musi. Ivyo bintu birashobora kwonona ningoga ubuhinga bwa kera bwo gusakara ivyuma iyo umuntu ahisemwo ibikoresho bitari vyo.

Ni co gituma ibikoresho vyo gusakara mu buhinzi bitegerezwa gusuzumwa mu buryo butandukanye n’ibikoresho vyo gusakara mu nzu.

Ubwoko busanzwe bw'inyubakwa z'uburimyi

1. Inzu z'inkoko

Inzu z’inkoko ziri mu nyubakwa z’uburimyi zisaba cane. Ibisate bitegerezwa guhangana n’ugusenyuka kw’amazi y’amoniya, ubukonje be n’ukwirundanira kw’ubushuhe mu gihe bishigikira umwuka mwiza.

Ubushakashatsi busanzwe burimwo:

• Gusakara inzu y'inkoko
• Ibikoresho vyo gusakara amatongo y'inkoko
• Gusakara inzu y'inkoko
• Uburyo bwo gusakara uburimyi

2. Amatongo y'ingurube

Inzu z’ingurube zo muri iki gihe zikorera ahantu hari ubukonje bwinshi, amoniya, kandi hasukura kenshi. Uburyo bwo gusakara butegerezwa gutanga ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo guhangana n’ugusenyuka no gukomera igihe kirekire-.

Ubushakashatsi busanzwe burimwo:

• Gusakara itongo ry'ingurube
• Gusakara inyubakwa y'ingurube
• Gukingira -igisenge c'ubumaraku bigega vy'ingurube

3. Ibiraro vy'amata

Ivyumba vy’amata vyibanda cane ku gucunga ubushuhe no ku gutuma umwuka ugera. Igisenge giteye nabi gishobora kwongerera ubushuhe no kugabanya amata.

Ubushakashatsi busanzwe burimwo:

• Gusakara ikiraro c'amata
• Gusakara amatongo y'amata
• Ubushuhe-bushobora guhangana n'igisenge c'inyubakwa z'amatungo

4. Inyubakwa zo kubika intete

Ububiko bw’intete busaba ibisenge bibuza amazi gusohoka, gukonja, no kwonona ubukonje.

Ubushakashatsi busanzwe burimwo:

• Gusakara ububiko bw'intete
• Gusakara ububiko bw'uburimyi
• Gusakara ibibanza vy'intete n'ububiko

5. Ububiko bw'ibifungurwa

Ububiko bw'ibifungurwa bukeneye yumye, butavuza{0}}, kandiuburyo bwo gusanasana buke -kugira ngo bakingire ibintu vy’agaciro.

Ubushakashatsi busanzwe burimwo:

• Gusakara ububiko bw'ibifungurwa
• Amabarabara yo gusakara yo kubika ibiribwa
• Uburyo bwo gusakara ububiko bw'itongo

6. Amahugurwa yo mu mirima n’ububiko bw’ibikoresho

Izo nyubakwa akenshi zisaba ibisenge binini-, gushirwaho vyihuta, n'ubuzima buramba.

Ubushakashatsi busanzwe burimwo:

• Gusakara amahugurwa yo mw'itongo
• Ibikoresho vy'uburimyi vyo kubika igisenge
• Gusakara inyubakwa z'amamashini yo mu mirima

Igiciro nyaco co guhitamwo igisenge kitari co

Ku migambi myinshi y’uburimyi, igisenge citezwe ko kizomara imyaka mirongo. Gusenyuka kw’igisenge bishobora gutuma:

1. Amazi yonona ibifungurwa canke intete
2. Guhagarika umusaruro
3. Ibiciro vyinshi vy'abakozi bo kwitaho
4. Gusenyuka kw'ibikoresho
5. Ibibazo vy'amagara y'ibikoko
6. Amafaranga yo gusubirira igisenge atari yitezwe

Kubera ivyo bibazo, abashoramari b’abahinga bo mu mirima bararushiriza gusuzuma uburyo bwo gusakara bishingiye ku giciro cose c’ubuzima, atari gusa igiciro gitoyi kuruta ibindi vyose co kugura.

Ivyo bizokurikira mu gice ca 2

Mu gice ca 2, tuzovuga ibi:

• Ingorane nini cane zo gusakara mu nyubakwa z'uburimyi
• Ingene ubukonje, amoniya, ugushikirwa n’imishwarara ya UV be n’ugukonja kw’amazi bigira ico bikoze ku mikorere y’igisenge
• Uko wohitamwo ibikoresho vyiza vyo gusakara mu buhinzi .
• Ibintu nyamukuru abahinga bazirikana igihe bahitamwo uburyo bwo gusakara amatongo